Sauron did not remain continuously in Mordor as its Lord throughout the Second Age. From II 1200 he spent considerable time in Eregion in the guise of Annatar, and later led an invasion of Eriador, so that for a period of about five centuries he rarely returned to Mordor. Much later, in II 3262, he was taken to Númenor by Ar-Pharazôn and remained there until the Downfall in II 3319. In all such cases, he was able to return to Mordor and take up has power again, and so he clearly remained the Lord of the land even during times when he was physically absent.
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